Special
Evaluation Study on Small-Scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture Development for Poverty
Reduction
Bangladesh,
Philippines and Thailand
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 Purpose
The Special Evaluation Study on Small-scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture
Development for Poverty Reduction looks at small-scale aquaculture from the viewpoint
of poverty reduction: What are the main factors that enable fish farming to generate
livelihoods and reduce poverty? What steps can be taken to overcome constraints
and optimize these factors?
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| Lessons: |
 | Special
Evaluation Study on Small-Scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture Development for Poverty
Reduction
PDF
2,964kb | | | Case
Studies | | Case
study 1 Overview of small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh
Investigates the countrywide significance of freshwater aquaculture, social dimensions
of rural poverty among farmers, major aquaculture systems, fish markets, employment
in aquaculture, and ADB's support to aquaculture development. PDF
| | Case
study 2. Farming carps in leased ponds by groups in Chandpur District
outlines a project-part of a larger project financed by ADB to improve livelihoods
in the District-that brought freshwater aquaculture to the poor in an irrigation
area. The aim was to capitalize on a low-cost technology based on carp polyculture.
PDF |
| Case
study 3. Livelihood profiles of fish farmers in Kishoreganj
investigates common livelihood conditions of inland freshwater fish farmers in
Bangladesh. It describes the pond operations and management, which are semi-intensive
in nature, the village nurseries that supply most of the seed, the amounts of
organic and inorganic fertilizer used, harvest frequency, yields, and markets.
PDF |
| Case
study 4. Overview of freshwater aquaculture of tilapia in the Philippines
investigates tilapia markets, prices, marketing channels, access to inputs (fish
seed, feed, fertilizers, land, and water), support services, and relevant lessons
PDF |
| Case
study 5. Farming tilapia in small ponds in Central Luzon
illustrates biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics of Central Luzon as
main producer of tilapia in the country, followed by accounts of technology and
management for farming tilapia, profiles of fish farmers, markets, institutions,
support services, policy and legal instruments, natural resources management,
and environmental issues. PDF |
| Case
study 6. Tilapia cage farming in Lake Taal, Batangas
focuses on the technology and management used for tilapia cage farming and nursery
operations, profiles of fish farmers and other beneficiaries, and relevant processes
pertinent to markets, labor, institutions, support services, policy, legal instruments,
natural resources management, and environmental issues pertinent to the lake.
PDF |
| Case
study 7. Overview of small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Thailand
investigates and illustrates the historical development and importance of aquaculture,
fish seed supply and fish farming, markets, extension services, community-based
initiatives, aquaculture development policy, pertinent aspects of safeguards,
key lessons, and ways to benefit the poor. PDF |
| Case
study 8. Development of technology and extension for small-scale fish farms in
Northeastern Thailand
examines the steps, processes, and challenges involved in developing technology
options and extension for small-scale fish farmers; and relevance of a distance
extension approach for resource poor, mobile, and literate fish farmers. PDF |
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Use
of Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches
This special evaluation study (SES) was designed to identify and assess the
major channels of effects through which selected practices of small-scale freshwater
rural aquaculture
can generate livelihoods and reduce poverty, and to recommend steps to make ADB
operations in aquaculture development more relevant for poverty reduction.
Using case studies, the SES examined the channels and enabling conditions
that affect small-scale freshwater aquaculture farmers in their operations. The
SES recognized the importance of access to capital assets in
five dimensions (human, social, natural, physical, and financial capitals), and
key transforming processes, including (i) markets; (ii) public and private institutions;
(iii) facilities, infrastructure, and services; (iv) legal framework and development
policies; (v) aquatic resources management and the environment; and (vi) various
safeguards, including biosafety and aquatic health. The SES also recognized seasonality,
shocks, and trends that influence outcomes.
Based on case studies
in Bangladesh, Philippines, and Thailand, and lessons and experience drawn from
evaluations of ADB-financed operations in freshwater aquaculture development,
the following recommendations to improve ADB operations in this sector were made:
- Analyze conditions
for livelihood generation and poverty reduction.
- Recognize
barriers, requirements, and risks.
- Assess
specific demands on users’ capacity to operate aquaculture systems.
- Analyze
available options for providing access to land and water.
- Consider
options for financing aquaculture investments and operations.
- Analyze
markets and marketing of aquaculture products and factors of production.
- Analyze
the labor market.
- Understand
the roles of services, facilities, and support infrastructure.
- Assess
the roles of public and private institutions.
- Assess
the policy environment and legal framework and their conditions.
- Protect
aquatic resources, environment, and aquatic health.
- Recognize
multiple uses of water and minimize conflicts.
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