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Further details on CLTS in Nepal
Challenges:
• Scaling up
of CLTS in Nepal has been a challenge. It has been difficult for Plan Nepal to
follow CLTS approach completely in its sanitation programme as it could not propagate
as expected. The
pace is rather slow. Plan Nepal is therefore adopting CLTS
in its new communities and a partial subsidy approach for total sanitation in
its old communities. Water Aid/NEWAH is also following the same path.
•
Subsidy given by NGOs and the Government also poses a challenge to scaling up
CLTS.
Success
• Since CLTS
initiation in June 2004, Plan communities declared totally free from open defecation
are only six till to date, four in Morang district and two in Bara district. Numbers
of CLTS ongoing
communities in Plan working areas are fourteen. Plan Nepal
is in the process of evaluating CLTS implemented in its all six districts.
• Newah (and WaterAid) has successfully completed three pilot projects in
Karkidhanda in Dhading district, Dumre Ekta Chowk in Morang district and Bhorle
in Gorhka district. These sites have now
been declared open defecation free.
Other projects have since been undertaken and more are planned. Buoyed by the
positive experiences of WaterAid Bangladesh, WaterAid Nepal have played a key
role in driving forward the CLTS process here – although they do not implement
CLTS projects directly. WaterAid staff completed an internal field trip to Bangladesh
in spring 2005, where they had been able to compare the process and impacts of
the Government’s non-CLTS approach with the CLTS pilots. WaterAid have also
developed a monitoring toolkit (personal communication, Chrissie Wellington, consultant).
• UNICEF has been using an approach called School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS);
a mixture of CLTS and their school sanitation programme, and have prepared a guideline
for this approach. The
government is implementing the sanitation programme
under this approach. There is no subsidy for hardware, however, they have introduced
the concept of Revolving Fund in which seed money is
provided for lending
to communities for constructing latrines. This is given to the communities later
for use in other activities after total sanitation is achieved. There is provision
of subsidy for
constructing latrine to some extremely poor families.
•
Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) has been piloting CLTS as part of its EU (ECHO)
funded community water, sanitation and health (CWASH) project. Having received
training from Plan Nepal
and Newah, their field staff ignited the approach
in two villages in Salyan district, and it has proved incredibly successful. Every
household in both sites has constructed a toilet, and they are being used and
maintained. Field staff have seen a dramatic improvement in sanitation and hygiene
behaviours, due to CLTS and the concomitant health and hygiene training for community
people and health workers (personal communication, Chrissie Wellington, consultant).
(source:
Kamal Kar and Petra Bongartz, 2006. Update to IDS Working Paper 257 PDF)
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