| Community Led Total Sanitation in India
The Community Led Total Sanitation approach, introduced in
Maharashtra in 2002 with pilot projects in two districts,
Ahmednagar and Nanded, proved successful in creating Open
Defecation Free (ODF) communities. The success in the pilot
districts led to the ODF approach being adopted by all the
districts in the state. On becoming totally open defecation
free, the Gram Panchayats are given incentives in the form
of a reward or Nirmal Gram Puraskar from the government. Currently
about 2000+ Gram Panchayats have achieved ODF status. In addition,
two blocks, Mahabaleshwar (Satara district) and Murud (Raigad
district) have been declared full ODF blocks. In March 2006,
the Government of India awarded Nirmal Gram Puraskar to 770
Gram Panchayats. Of these 381 were awarded in Maharashtra
state alone.
In addition, other states have been showing keen interest
in adopting the CLTS approach. While Himachal Pradesh has
already adopted this strategy and is implementing it, Madhya
Pradesh has accepted it in principle and is finalising its
strategy. Others states, like Haryana, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh,
Orissa, Gujarat, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have all either
shown interest in the approach or are in the process of adopting
the strategy.
According to our knowledge,the
only Urban Local Body (Municipality) where CLTS has been introduced
and is being implemented is the Municipality of Kalyani near
Kolkata, in the state of West Bengal, which comprises 52 slums.
The Chairman of Kalyani Municipality, Dr Shantanu Jha, took
the opportunity of piloting CLTS under a Community-led Health
Initiative (CLHI) initiated by Kolkata Urban Services for
the Poor (KUSP) in Kalyani. So far the pilot is bringing very
encouraging results in sanitation
coverage.
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Papers
on CLTS in India
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First
Training and Orientation Workshop on CLTS in Mandi district of Himachal
Pradesh,
2nd-6th August 2006. Kamal Kar PDF
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Community
Led Total Sanitation in Slums of Kalyani Municipality under Kolkata
Urban Services for the Poor (KUSP)
Lessonsl learnt at sharing workshop on CLTS, 26th May 2006 at Kalyani,
by Kamal Kar DOC |
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Review
of progress of CLTS implementation in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh
State, India,
14-16th July 2006. Kamal Kar (kamal.kar@vsnl.com) DOC
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Refresher
training of the members of the Resource Agencies on CLTS approach.
Delhi, India Kamal Kar, 12-13th July, 2006 DOC
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CLTS
Training of Trainer’s Workshop at Bhiwani District, Haryana
State, India
(17th – 21st July 2006) By Kamal Kar (kamal.kar@vsnl.com) DOC
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Beyond
Sanitation
The story of Open Defaecation Free Campaign in Jalna district of Maharashtra.
By Nipun Vinayak (vinayaknipun@rediffmail.com), CEO, Zilla Parishad
Jalna, Maharashtra, India 2006. DOC
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A
Guide to Participatory Approaches to Achieving
Total Sanitation,
C Ajith Kumar, Water and Sanitation Program - South Asia, Mumbai,
November 2004 DOC |
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Anything
to contribute? Please send to livelihoods-connect@ids.ac.uk
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Further details on CLTS in India
Challenges
• Scaling up in other states beyond Maharastra:
Scaling up of CLTS in other states in India is either not taking
place or only happening very slowly. This is generally due to the
following reasons:
o Sanitation has not been made into a high profile sector.
o Concentration on implementing the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
with a narrow focus on how to push toilets to BPL (Below Poverty
Line) families. There is no community approach which involves APL
(Above Poverty Line) and BPL (Below Poverty Line) families.
o High state subsidy regime.
• Urban Subsidy in West Bengal: Considering
that huge money is being made available for up-frontindividual
household hardware subsidy in urban sanitation under KUSP (as described
above), it is difficult to imagine any change in political will
to promote community empowerment and collective local action following
CLTS approach in urban areas in West Bengal.
Successes
• In addition to 2000+ Gram Panchayats, two blocks/tehsils
in Maharastra (one in Satara and one in Raigad district) have become
fully ODF. In Maharashtra, each Gram Panchayat has a population
of about 2000. In 2003 there were only one or two ODF GPs in Maharashtra,
now there are more than 2000. The spread is enormous. At the present
rate of growth and spread of CLTS, all the 28,000 GPs in 33 districts
of the state could become Open Defecation Free very soon.
• Many states of India are starting to get interested in CLTS
and are visiting Maharashtra to learn more about the no-subsidy
approach.
• Within the space of only two months after initiation, two
slums in Kalyani have already been converted to nearly ODF slums
without any external subsidy. In one of them, Vidyasagar colony,
out of 280 households only 12 H/H are yet to complete their toilets
but are currently sharing other toilets.
Plans
• Government of India has set the target of achieving ODF
status for the entire country by 2012.
• The state government of Himachal Pradesh has officially
adopted the CLTS approach and is planning to implement it very soon
across the entire state. Eight to ten villages have already been
declared ODF.
• The state government of Madhya Pradesh is going to adopt
CLTS approach soon, converting subsidy into community rewards. CLTS
has already being rolled out in the state.
• The Municipality of Kalyani is going to declare the entire
municipality as an open defecation free town this year. CLTS will
be implemented with the slum communities in all the 52 slums of
Kalyani.
(source:
Kamal Kar and Petra Bongartz, 2006. Update to IDS Working Paper
257 PDF) |
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